How to Write a Bad Essay Essay Example for Free

How to Write a Bad Essay EssayIt is precise easy to find all sort of information in the books or internet sites, which can be helpful for those students, who want to write a good essay. Our professors explain us how to organize our work on the essays, how to do a good research or how to create a clear thesis statement. From our friends or classmates we can make up a good piece of advice on how to plan, reservoir and format our writing correctly. However, it is really rattling difficult to find some useful information for those students, who intend to write a really with child(p) essay. in that location are no good books or articles, which can help or at least give some ideas for such students. That is why those students, who want to use up their essays really bad and unusable, have to spend a lot of efforts and be very creative.In order to write a bad essay, the first and very important steps are to avoid looking for any relevant information and non to do any sort of ac ademic research. It is recommended also non to visit any lectures and not to use any notes of the classmates on the subject. Second, for producing a bad essay it is absolutely essential to spend as less sentence as possible for your writing. It is good to start working on the essay right before the deadline this will help you to avoid the temptation to go to a library, consult your professor or look for some reputable scholar sources. The third step is not to do any planning of the writing, especially not to write any outline or summary.The next step of producing a terrible essay is to avoid coming up with any idea or point of the writing. It is also important to keep away from answering the questions of the essay clearly and concisely. Instead, you can write down everything which is unrelated or is currently in your mind. The further step for those students, who want to write a terrible essay, is to be sure that it has no certain clear thesis statement or appropriate structure, as well as no such components as an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion.The next essential step is not to be concerned about any plagiarism and stealing someone elses ideas or thoughts for your essay. Usual copy-paste from an internet source, from a magazine or a book, incorporated into your writing without any citing or referencing, is one of the greatest ways to produce a bad essay. More to the point, it is essential to remember that a bad essay never has anything like a reference page or works cited page.At last, the next stage is to ignore any rules and standards of formatting and place your text randomly on the pages. Furthermore, for fashioning your essay as worse as possible, it is crucial not to spend time for revising or re-reading your writing and ignore all possible rules of slope grammar, errors, typos, run-on sentences and other imperfections. It is effective to use wrong words and numerous repetitions in the essay. As a final stage, it is very important not to accord any of your friends or classmates to help you and check out your essay for clarity and content. Finally, the very last idea is to print out your essay on modify or used paper and be sure that it is late for submission.The majority of people are convinced that it is very easy to write a bad essay, because no special skills or talents are required. Nevertheless, taking into account everything mentioned above, it must be clear for every student that producing a bad writing is, actually, very hard and exhausting job. It takes a lot of attention and a lot of hard work, therefore, not everyone can complete this assignment successfully. In my opinion, writing a bad essay definitely takes more efforts than writing a good essay. Maybe that is why a great deal of students prefer not to get into a trouble and choose not to deal with bad essays. Therefore, I am sure that it is always safer, more interesting and challenging to write good, readable, clear, frizzy and fully referenced essays.Works CitedHow to Write a Bad History Essay. Keele University. History School of Humanities. 19 Apr. 2008 http//www.keele.ac.uk/depts/hi/resources/Indexes/HowToWriteAGoodHistEssay.doc .

Report On Aspects of Employment Covered by Law Essay Example for Free

Report On Aspects of Employment Covered by Law stressBritain has a deficit crisis, from which the only escape route, is economic growth. Growth needs to be encouraged in either way possible. Im outright working in Health and Social Care, its my first job here in the UK.I find that here in Great Britain has loads of polity designed to ensure that variety on certain grounds is unlawful, and alike nurse workers like me.This report will cover pieces of aspects of employment covered by legislation relevant to this area, outlining why legislation relating to employment exists and the list of sources of information and advice about employment responsibilities and rightsThe Equality typify 2010The Equality Act 2010 consolidates the previous golf club pieces of mateity legislation based on protected characteristics to create, for the first time in Great Britain, unified equality legislation. The nine protected characteristics are age, disability, sex activity reassignment, mar riage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. Among other things, the Act simplifies or clarifies the definitions of direct discrimination (including association and perception), indirect discrimination, torture and victimisation and extends positive equality duties to public authorities which must pass water due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity, and foster soundly relations between different groups. The definition of disability under the law has changed such that a person who ahs a physical or mental equipment casualty that has long-term adverse effect on their ability dont have to show that their impairment affects a particular capacity. The definition of sex activity reassignment has also been change-stating that this apply to a person who is proposing to undergo, is undergoing or has undergone process to change their sex.Sex favoritism Act 1975The Sexual Discrimina tion Act of 1975 was introduced to protect individuals from discrimination on the grounds of gender. Sexual Discrimination tush take m any forms. It is essential to understand that sexual discrimination is judged to be unwanted attention by the victim of the behaviour, not the perpetrator.Discrimination was put together out in two formsDirect Discrimination- simply stated that one person is treated less favourably than another based on gender. Indirect Discrimination on the other is quit complex, this takes place if a requirement or condition is imposed, which has nothing to with gender but in practices.The Sex Discrimination Act also made it unlawful to discriminate on the ground of marital status.Equal Pay Act 1970/1975It simply states that Men and Women should receive equal pay for work of equal value.Human Rights Act 1998The Human Right Act 1998 was introduced by Parliament and came into ram in October 200. There are different article in this Act. Theses include expression 2 - everyones right to life sh all be protected by law. condition 3- no one shall be subjected to degrading treatment. Article 5- everyone has the right to liberty and security of a person. Article 8-eeryone has the right to respect for his private and family life and his correspondence. Article 9- everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Article 12- men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and found a family. Article 14- the enjoyment of these rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground.Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984Establishes the rights of all people arrested by the police. Detainees have the right to legal advice and right to notify person who is likely interested in their welfaire.Civil Partnership Act 2004This establishes the right of uniform sex couples to slip in into a civil partnership. This is not marriage but is a relationship of equivalent seriousness and co mmitment.Health and SafetyHealth and base hitty is important to every work that we do. The legislation of health and safety is generally covered by statutory regulations. These legislations areHealth and Safety at Work Act 19 74Employers have a duty to ensure the health and safety at work for all employees, provide and maintain equipment and establishment in safe condition and provide information, training and supervision relating to health and safety at work. Managers have the duty to maintain a safe working environment for all staff, ensuring that staffs follow policies, procedures and instructions. Give well information about hazard and safe working to new members of staff and also to report or record any accidents. Employees have duty to follow rules and regulation at work, ensure that they use materials in recommended procedures and not misuses anything provided for health ,safety and welfare.Food Safety Act 1990This applies wherever solid food is supplied other than within a family situation. This Act is a wide ranging piece of legislation which strengthened and updated existing laws relevant to food and safety.HolidaysAnnual leave entitlements should be agreed when an employee starts work, details of holidays and holiday pay should be found in the employees written statement or contract of employment. Most workers are legally empower to 5.6 weeks paid holiday per year (this is known as statutory entitlement). Part time worker are entitled to the same amount of holiday (pro rota) as full time colleagues. Employers can set the times when workers can take their leave for example a Christmas shut down. If employment ends workers have the right to be paid for any leave due but not taken. There is no legal right to paid public holidaysEqual payEmployers must give men and women equal treatment in the terms and conditions of their employment contract if they are employed to do like work work that is the same or broadly similarwork rated as equivalent under a job evaluation studyWork found to be of equal value in terms of effort, skill or decision making. Employees are also entitled to know how their pay is made up. For example, if there is a bonus system, everyone should know how to earn bonuses and how they are calculated. bailiwick Minimum WageMost workers in the UK over school leaving age are entitled to be paid at least the NMW. The NMW rates are reviewed each year by the Low Pay commission. Most workers will be entitled to the National Minimum Wage (NMW). Normally the NMW rate changes in October each year.There are no exemptions according to the size of business.HM Revenue Customs can take employers to court for not paying the NMW.II. Outlining why legislation relating to employment existLegislation relating to employment exists to stop exploitation of workers by their employers mainly to protect the rights of their employeesand to make sure that they have everything they need such as* Minimum wage* Safety standards* Holiday e ntitlement* Maternity leave* Redundancy payments* Discrimination laws* Maximum working hours* Age requirement any employees need to have all good things that protect them from unscrupulous bosses.III. Sources of information and advice about employment and rights * Contract- All employees have an employment contract with their employer. A contract is an agreement that sets out an employeesemployment conditionsrightsresponsibilitiesdutiesThese are called the terms of the contract.* Handbook- An employee handbook, sometimes also known as an employee manual or staff handbook, is a book given to employees by an employer. Usually, the employee handbook contains information about company policies and procedures. * Policy documents is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopt by the Board of or senior governance body within an organizatio n whereas procedures or protocols would be developed and adopted by senior executive director officers.* Terms and conditions -Terms and conditions of employment are the elements of a contract which help to define the relation between an employerand an employee* capriole description A broad, general, and written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of a job analysis. It generally includes duties, purpose, responsibilities, scope, and working conditions of a job along with the jobs title, and the name or designation of the person to whom the employee reports. Job description usually forms the basis of job specification.

Techniques For Airflow Rate Measurements

Techniques For Air menses Rate MeasurementsMy company is setting up an experiment to measure the melody melt place in a duct. Airflow measurement techniques atomic enactment 18 necessary especially in many industries. Some of the common airflow criterion applications include ventilation testing, air balancing, duc twainrk, air planes and so on. Many research and studies have been put into improving and inventing new equipments to measure air flow. This is so to enable user to get the most precise result and at the same time using the least cost.This report outlines the different airflow measurement techniques and devices that be available today. There argon many different types and ways to measure air flow but I will concentrate on those that are more popular and commonly used. They are the Pitot- subway, Orifice weighing machine, Venturi meter, Cup enfold gage, Sphere anemometer and Hot-Wire anemometer.Techniques and devices for airflow rate measurements2.1 Pitot thermio nic tubeA pitot-static tube is used in intertwine tunnel experiments and on airplanes to measure the air flow rate. It is also used in many industrial applications. It was invented by the French engineer Henri Pitot in the early 1700s and was later reposition to its modern form in the mid 1800s by French scientist Henry Darcy. It is a slender tube that has two holes on it ( manikin 1). The front hole is fixed in the airstream to measure whats called the stagnation force per unit area. The side hole measures the static pressure. By measuring the departure between these pressures, we are able to get the projectile pressure that discount be used to calculate the air strongholding.By Bernoullis principle,Stagnation pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressureSolving that for stop number we getWhere V fluid velocity pt stagnation or total pressure ps static pressure fluid density cipher 1 Pitot-Static TubeThe incorporation of sensors to measure the air temperature, barometr ic pressure, and relative humidity fag further increase the accuracy of the velocity and flow measurements. The Pitot tube can also measure the velocity with the use of a pressure transducer that generates an electric caral signal which is proportionate to the difference between the pressures generated by the total pressure and the static pressure. The volumetric flow is then calculated by measuring the average velocity of an air stream passing through a career of a known diameter. When measuring volumetric flow, the passage of a known diameter must(prenominal) be designed to reduce air turbulency as the air potty flows over the Pitot tube.To obtain an estimate of the volumetric flow in the duct from a series of pitot-static tube velocitymeasurements, one must integrate the velocity over the duct area.There are many of different methods for approximating the above integral. One of the methods is to divide the duct cross-section into a number of equal area sectors, and then me asure theaverage velocity at the center of each sectors.For example, we can divide the cross-section of the duct in the watch belowThe velocity will be by calculatingthe sum2.1.1 Advantages and DisadvantagesThe advantages of using pitot-static tube is that it can be inserted in small airstream and it presents short resistance to flow. It is simple, inexpensive and suited for a variety of environmental conditions including extremely high temperatures and a wide range of pressures.The disadvantages would be that if the flow rate is low, the difference in pressures will be too small to accurately measure with the transducer. If the air flow is high (supersonic), assumptions of Bernoullis equation will be violated and thence leading us to wrong measurement. Furthermore, if the tubes are clogged, the reading by the transducer will be inaccurate resulting in dire consequence in the context on airplane. Icing of the pitot tube had caused plane to crash.2.2 Orifice PlateOrifice plate is u sed for flow rate measuring in shriek systems. An gap plate is determined in a subway systemwork containing a fluid flow, which constricts the smooth flow of the fluid inside the pipe. By restricting the flow, the orifice meter causes a pressure drop across the plate. By measuring the difference between the two pressures across the plate, the orifice meter takes the flow rate through the pipe.Figure 2 Orifice Plate in a ductApplying Bernoullis equation to a streamline flowing down the axis of the tube gives,Where,P pressure density of the fluidV Velocity of the fluidAs shown in the above diagram(Figure 2), stay 1 is upstream of the orifice, and point 2 is behind the orifice. It is recommended that point 1 be positioned one pipe diameter upstream of the orifice, and point 2 be positioned one-half pipe diameter downstream of the orifice. Since the pressure at 1 will be higher than the pressure at point 2, the pressure difference will be a positive quantity.From continuity equat ion, the velocities can be replaced by cross-sectional areas of the flow and the volumetric flow rate Q,Where,A cross sectional areaSolving for the volumetric flow rate Q gives,The above equation remains true with perfectly laminar, inviscid flows. As for real flows like water or air, we have to take into account of the viscosity and upheaval that are present .To account for this effect, a discharge coefficient Cd is introduced into the above equation to marginally reduce the flow rate Q,Since the actual flow indite at point 2 downstream of the orifice is quite complicated, the following substitution introducing a flow coefficient Cf is made,Where,Ao area of the orificeAs a result, the volumetric flow rate Q for real flows is given by the equation,The flow coefficient Cf is found from experiments and is tabulated in reference books. It ranges from 0.6 to 0.9 for most orifices. Since it depends on the orifice and pipe diameters (as well as the Reynolds Number), one will often find C f tabulated versus the ratio of orifice diameter to inlet diameter, sometimes defined as b,The mass flow rate can be found by multiplying Q with the fluid density,There are mainly 3 different types of orifice plates. They are Concentric, divided and Eccentric. This is to accommodate for different applications so that the meter has the optimum structure. The density and viscosity of the fluid, and the stamp and width of the pipe do influence the choice of plate shape to be used.The concentric orifice is the most common of the 3 types. In this design, the orifice is equidistant. It is generally used for clean liquid and gas flow in pipes under six inches, where Reynolds numbers range from 20, 000 to 107. We will therefore use concentric orifice for our experiment purposes. ( which deals with air).Segmental orifice is similar to concentric orifice with regard to its functioning. The circular section is concentric with the pipe while the segmental part is mounted in a horizontal pipe. This installation helps to eliminate of abroad materials on the upstream side of the orifice.Eccentric orifice plates are designed in such a way that the edge of the orifice is reallocated towards the interior of the pipe wall. It is used in similar manner as the segmental orifice plate.Figure 3 below shows the different types of orifice plates2.2.1 Advantages and DisadvantagesWith no moving split and a simple design, the orifice is easily machined. It is low lost and can be easily inserted into a duct or an existing pipeline with a minimum alteration to the layout. Therefore orifice plate has been a popular device for flow measurement.The disadvantage is that it creates a rather large non-recoverable pressure out-of-pocket to the turbulence around the plate, leading to high energy consumption (Foust, 1981).2.3 Venturi meterMost of the unrecoverable pass of pressure with an orifice is due to the sudden variety in the cross sectional area. The sudden increase of area after the air passes the section of minimum area the rapid convergence of the stream on the upstream side contributes considerably to the total loss. We are able to recover most of the pressure by leading the stream with the use of a conic length of pipe, with its smaller end of the same cross section as the jet, and gradually expanding in size along the direction of flow until the full pipe diameter is reached. An arrangement of this kind, with a conical entry is known as a venturi tube.The Venturi effect is named after Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746-1822), an Italian physicist.A venturi meter consists of a cylindric length, a converging length with an included angle of 20o or more, and short parallel throat, and a diverging section with an included angle of about 6o. The inborn finishes and proportions are designed in such a way to enable us to achieve the most accurate readings while ensuring minimum head losses. presume that the fluid is inviscid with no losses due to viscosity, the v elocity at section 1 and 2 are V 1 and V 2 respectively. The velocities are steady and uniform over areas A 1 and A 2Applying Bernoullis equation to a streamline passing along the axis between the two sections ( 1 2 ).Where,VVelocity of the fluidP Pressure density of the fluidZ HeightUsing continuity equation,Q = A1 V 1 = A 2 V 2When real world effects such as fluid friction and turbulence are included a correction factor, called the coefficient of discharge, Cd is introduced into the venturi equation givingFor low viscosity fluids C d = 0,98.2.3.1 Advantages and DisadvantagesThe venturi tube introduces substantially lower non-recoverable pressure drops (Foust, 1981). Therefore venture tube can be used on more viscous fluid.However it has limited range ability. It must be used only on installations where the flow rate is well known and varies less than 3 to 1. It is rather expensive and should be flow calibrated to provide accuracy into the range of +/- 1.00%, Units are large-mind ed and weigh more than comparable head devices and thus making it difficult to install and inspect.2.4 AnemometerAn anemometer, also known as top vane is a device for measuring the air flow rate in a contained flow such as duct or unconfined flow. The term is derived from the classic word anemos, meaning wind. In around 1450, the Italian art architect Leon Battista Alberti invented the first mechanical anemometer which consisted of a disk placed perpendicular to the wind. To determine the velocity, an anemometer detects change in some physical property of the fluid or the effect of the fluid on a mechanical device inserted into the flow. They are probably best used mounted on light, preferably streamlined, supports and inserted into the airstream from one side.2.4.1 Cup anemometerThis device consists of three or four hemispherical instills mounted at the ends of horizontal spokes which rotates about a low-friction vertical shaft. An electrical device is used to record the revoluti ons of the cupfuls and measures the air flow rate. (Figure below)As the anemometer is placed inside the flow stream, the concave surfaces of the cups have higher wind resistance than their convex counterparts and thus producing an unbalanced moment with respect to the center axis. This forces the cups to rotate (see schematic). infra steady flow condition, the rotational speed of the anemometer is directly related to the wind speed, that is V=rw.There are number of fundamental physical parameters and characteristics of an anemometer that affects the cup anemometer performance. They arerotor arm lengthcup arearotor inertiadrag coefficient on convex face of cupdrag coefficient on concave face of cupstatic, dynamic and parabolic mechanical friction coefficients for temperature rangesensitivity characteristic to out-of-plane attacklinearised calibration curve.A well designed cup anemometer should have the following characteristics as shown in the Figure 4 belowLet us examine a cup ane mometer rotating at speed w in a free wind speed UThe instantaneous aerodynamic torque on the rotor, MA, is given bywhere A frontal area of the anemometerr the air densityCdv drag coefficients for the concave faces of cupCdx drag coefficients for the convex faces of cupIn the steady state, there is perfect torque balance (MA=0), and the equation reduces todefining l and as the speed and drag ratios respectivelyallows further re-expression in a quadratic formTypical values of Cdv and Cdx are 1.4 and 0.4 respectively, giving a value of of 3.5. The aboveequation predicts that the consequential speed ratio l will be 0.303, meaning the rotor will rotate at about one third of the wind speed. Note that this solution also proves the theoretically linear sensitivity of the cup anemometer to wind speed. It also shows that the speed ratio is dependent on the drag characteristics of the cup and not the size. Furthermore, the rotational speed is inversely proportional to rotor radius.2.4.2 Ad vantages and disadvantagesThe advantages of the cups are their reliability and ruggedness. The disadvantages are the relatively high threshold velocity (the minimum wind velocity needed to diverge the cups to turn). It is mainly used to only measure the horizontal component of the wind.Another problem with cup anemometry is the different reception time for increasing and decreasing wind velocities due to its moment of inertia. This results in an overestimation of wind speed under turbulent wind conditions as present in nature, the so-called over-speeding. Additionally, the rotation of the anemometer causes a wear of bearing and leads to a recalibrations with time.2.5 Sphere anemometerMany research and studies have gone into the improving of such a device (Cup anemometer). For example, the battlefield anemometer. It was developed at the University of Oldenburg.This sphere anemometer, as shown in figure 4 below, is able to measure the air flow rate as well as simultaneous detection of the air flow direction. It eliminates the problem of wear of bearing as encountered in cup anemometer.Figure 5The sphere anemometer uses the family between the point force F acting on the tip of arod and its resulting deflection s.(1)Wherel the length of the rodE the breeze modulusJa the second moment of area.In case of the sphere anemometer, with a sphere radius r much bigger than the radius of the rod rR, the force can be assumed to act only on the tip. The second moment of area is then given by(2)Together with the force acting on the sphere(3)where cd the drag coefficient of the sphereA the cross section of the sphere the density of airV the wind velocityEquation 1 becomes(4)Therefore the deflection of the rod is proportional to the drag coefficient cd and the wind velocity squared. For a calibration it is necessary to know how the drag coefficient cd changes with wind velocities. Table 1 below shows the drag coefficient of a sphere plotted against the Reynolds number (Re) (cf 1). It can be seen that for Reynolds numbers in the range from about 800 to 200000 the change in drag coefficient cd is negligible.For a sphere with a radius r = 40mm this range in Re corresponds to a range in wind velocitiesfrom 0.17m/s to 38m/s usingwhere v = 1.51 x 10-5 m2/s is the kinematic viscosity of air. Within this velocity range thedeflection s of the rod is directly proportional to the wind velocity squared. With this directrelation it is easy to calibrate the sphere anemometer over a wide range of wind velocities.Table 12.6 Hot cable anemometerThermal anemometry is the most common method used to measure instantaneous fluid velocity. The technique depends on the convective heat loss to the surrounding fluid from an electrically heated sensing element or probe. If only the fluid velocity varies, then the heat loss can be interpreted as a measure of that variable.Working PrincipleIts principle application is the measurement of rapid fluctuations, particularly the study of turbulent flow in this field it is the only instrument with sufficiently rapid response, and the associated electronic equipment lends itself readily to signal processing needed to record directly such properties of a turbulence as r.m.s values, correlation functions, and spectral distributions.Governing equationConsider a thin heated wire mounted to supports and exposed to a velocity UWhere,W power generated by Joule heating (W=I2Rw)Q heat transferred to surroundingQi CwTw=thermal energy stored in wireCw heat capacity of wireTw wire temperatureThe wire is heated electrically and placed in the flow stream. The energy balance of the heated wire at equilibrium is (equation 1)Where,I an electric currentRw the wire resistanceh the heat transfer coefficientA the heat transfer areaTw the wire temperatureTf the fluid temperatureD wire diameterKf heat conductivity of fluidNu dimensionless heat transferIn the forced convection regime (0.02Reynolds number Re= (where r is the air density a nd U is the velocity and is the air dynamic viscosity).(equation 2)WhereSubstituted Eq(2) into Eq(1),There are two types of hot-wire anemometer used in practice but I will touch on Constant Temperature Anemometer which is more commonly used.For a case of Constant Temperature AnemometerWhereAndThe voltage is a measured of velocity U.2.6.1 Advantages and disadvantagesIt has good oftenness response as it can measure up to several hundred kHz possible. It is able to measure a wide range of velocity. It is small in size and has rapid response.-Thermal anemometry enjoys its popularity because the technique involves the use of very small probes that offer very high spatial resolution. The basic principles of the technique are relatively fair and the probes are difficult to damage if reasonable care is taken.However, deposition of impurities in flow on sensor can alter the calibration characteristics and reduce frequency response. Probe may or burnt out easily if not carefully taken care of. It is unable to fully map velocity handle that depend on space coordinates and simultaneously on time. Furthermore, it cannot work well in hostile environment like combustion. The wire diameter needs to be very small of the order of 0.02mm or less.ConclusionIn this report, I have touched on the different techniques and different devices for the measurement of airflow. There are many different devices in the market but many use similar techniques with abit of new inventions or add ons here and there. Different airflow measuring devices utilize different technologies and thus, one needs to fully understand the characteristics, techniques and its pros and cons before selecting the optimal one for use.In summary, an ideal device to measure air flow rate should have the following characteristicsgood signal sensitivity. It should be able to detect output for small changes in velocity.High Frequency Response to accurately follow transients without any time lagWide velocity rangeCrea te minimal flow disturbanceGood Spatial Resolution catchpenny(prenominal)High AccuracyUser friendly

Love Madness Phaedrus

cognize Madness PhaedrusLove is MadnessWhen analyzing the passage 244B of the Phaedrus, one can begin to see how love is rabies but madness is not inherently evil because it can bring about darling things. What is love exactly? What exactly is madness? How do we lay out them? Why do we call a somebody mad? These are questions to which answers can be sought through desperate search of Phaedrus. The Phaedrus is a historical dialogue between the two characters, Socrates and Phaedrus, about love. In this dialogue three distinctive speeches were given. The initial speech was a speech presented by Phaedrus the original verbaliser was a troops named Lysias. He claimed that a man in love suffers from a kind of madness and you should not give yourself to one who is in love. The act and third speeches were spoken by Socrates as a sort of challenge given by Phaedrus. Phaedrus believed that Lysias speech was the best hed ever heard and that no man could recite a better argument. Socrate s took the challenge and spoke the truth about love from his own perspective.The state of love is defined unalikely by different people and is often defined by platitudes. Love is a feeling of closeness to some people to opposites its a feeling of being there for a lover. For some, true love is where you would be willing to put your life on the line for some other. Lets say that your true love falls reach a bridgework and he or she cant swim. Would you think twice about jumping in? Now lets suppose that you cant swim either the moment of preference between life and death would you still jump off that bridge? Would you risk your own life for your true love? Love has different connotations for other people you can scarcely define what you think love is because the form of love is not clear for our understanding. Love is a desire for the beautiful things in life. There is no reason to love it is a madness you are responsible for who you fall in love with. Love is nurtured i t doesnt exist at first sight it is grown from friendship. You can only prevent falling in love if you perceive the signs and avoid the love before it develops. Socrates describes love as an senseless desire that over comes the tendency toward right (238 B). Love usually just hits you and there is no one reason as to why you love that person its that persons smell , behavior, actions, the way they think, its a lot of things put together that cause a chemical reaction called love. Love doesnt exist without all the little twenty-four hour period to day stuff. You cant expect something like it to appear over night either. Love doesnt exist until you forget who you are and concentrate on who you love. Love is not reason adequate to(p) or rational. Not having a reason makes love a madness because as madness is lack of reason. It is a rash aspectless behavior. Socrates takes off from Lysias argument and saysIt is not true this story that urges the beloved to accept the non-lover whe n he might give up the lover, on the grounds that the former is sane, and the latter mad. It might be so if madness were straightforwardly an evil but in fact the greatest of goods come to us through madness that is given though godlike dispensation. For prophesy is a madness, and the prophetess at Delphi and the priestesses at Dodona when out of their senses have conferred great benefits on Greece (Phaedrus, 244 b)Madness is not just a state of mind or a psychiatric disorder madness is lack of reason or a loss of control. Socrates distinguishes a few kinds of madness in the world, the divine and the special K kinds. The divine kind of madness takes the reason out from the man and puts it in the hands of the gods. This Socrates says is one of the greatest benefits because it is mans inspiration. Art is one of the greatest examples of divine madness, another is prophesy. The best works of art were often created by pushing though madness and creating something out of chaos. Madnes s is not something you can help, its not about whether youre good or evil, and its what actions you take and your ability to make rational decisions. It varies from person to person. Mad people are not limited by anything because they do not have to follow the same rules others expect them to be different. If all madness was evil then nothing would be new because it takes someone to think out of the box to create something original. Origin is the foundation of all things. Origin is only created by something that has existed before it so it makes sense that creation would be a naturally divine. lot throughout history have been given this divine madness and out of it they have created wonderful things. One day someone might come up with the cure for cancer out of a short period of madness. All humans have some insanity inside us its just the content of degrees. Lysias does not note the degrees of insanity instead he sums all insanity as evil. The human condition tends to lean towar d what feels right and thus it takes no thought to the feelings of someone who is irrational.In the movie a beautiful mind, the character Nash made an important discovery that love can triumph over insanity (2001).What unfeignedly is logic? Who decides reason? My quest has taken me to the physical, the metaphysical, the delusional, and back. I have made the most important discovery of my career the most important discovery of my life. It is only in the mysterious equations of love that any logic or reason can be found.A Beautiful Mind takes the worlds perspective of madness and turns it circus tent down. John Forbes Nash was a mathematician who suffered from schizophrenia even through his madness his logical mind still worked. Some terms because of his madness rather than in spite of it he developed solutions to common everyday problems. Nash is the kind of person who might find the cure for cancer even through the madness he was still able to give insight into things that a per son without his mental illness would never be able to even understand much less solve. His madness did not mean that the logic was incorrect it just gave him edge that general public wouldnt have been able to figure out the general public had no trigger. In 1995 John Forbes Nash rationally conquered his schizophrenia but in doing so he faced a great price. The conquering of this illness caused him to lose part of his logical ability. In his autobiography, Nash saidSo at the present time I seem to be thinking rationally again in the style that is singularity of scientists. However this is not entirely a matter of joy as if someone returned from physical disability to good physical health. One aspect of this is that reason of thought imposes a limit on a persons concept of his relation to the cosmos.This clearly shows that he believed in the new limitation. His reasoning and his wisdom were taken away when he was given a worldly sense and judgment.The ancient inventers of names di d not consider madness (mania) a disgrace or reproach other than they would not have woven into the noblest of arts, that which by which the future is foretold (Phaedrus, 244C).This analysis is important to the overall theme of the Phaedrus because it distinguishes both the aspects of love. Lysias may have had a good forefront but he only understood half of the true aspects of love and madness. He believed that one should do their best to steer clear of mania because passion leads to regret and the neglecting of personal lives. A friend would be the safer choice of the two because a friend does not fall into madness. He never withholds anything of his friend and doesnt attention telling him the truth to the face. Socrates believed that there was more to love then just madness and the negative aspects of love.Madness and love are still very perplexing topics today especially with the recent war. The condition of being in love takes you out of your own reasoning and concentrates o nly on what the other is thinking and feeling. Love isnt something that is only between two people. Love is a madness of the heartand it takes no sides. True madness is found in all other types of love it is in the love of money, for instance. It is also in the love of war as we see throughout history human kind has always been at war. From ancient time to the wars of today, man has fought wars to prove his love, but his lack of reason causes him to kill the other man. It is this extreme love that causes Lysias to dismiss love as he does. All in all, madness, while perceived to be a bad thing in general, is not always necessarily so. Without madness, there could be no inspiration, no art, no beauty, love or humanity. Madness is love and love only comes out of madness.Works Cited PageJohn Nash (1995) Autobiography From Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1994, Editor Tore Frngsmyr, Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, 1995madness. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008.Merriam-Webster Online. 8 October 2008http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/madnessMuch Madness Is Divinest Sense Wisdom in Memoirs of Soul-Suffering. By McEntyre, Marilyn Chandler, Christian Century, 00095281, 9/23/2008, Vol. 125, Issue 19

Mission And Goals Of Marks And Spencer Commerce Essay

kick And Goals Of Marks And Spencer Commerce EssayMS has been acknow takeged as a legendary UK retailing organization and therefore they atomic number 18 exemplars of best practice in society. MS in a western world is a managerial giant (Drucker, 1974). It has been identified as one of the best managed companies in Europe (Tse, 1985). MS corporate objectives are laid down in its Mission statement which is Making aspirational quality accessible to either and this is the base which tells us what the business and what it should be in the future. In its mission statement the MS depict attire and food business as its content business but financial objectives much(prenominal) as shareholder wealth maximisation is also interpreted into account as this helps in occupying more market share and so increased its sales. MS have a strong tradition of corporate kind responsibility as they want it to be corporate into all their operations at e precise level. There are three main generic st rategies that gage be overheared by all company including MS where the nodes are ready to pay a premium and this can be achieved by differentiating its proceeds and services in such manner that it is valued by the customers. Therefore MS has adopted focussed differentiation strategy in food and clothing industry but its market share is relative low with low industry growth whereas Financial services industry growth output is very high but MS market share in it is very low and which demands substantial capital investment in the market to turn them into Stars correspond to BCG Matrix. MS tar grasps mostly the age of 30 plus with high disposable income to spend like executive class and they value them and therefore many of its products are highly priced though high quality is maintained. Although MS, Clarks, Faith and Office are in a high quality segment where others like Top snitch and River Island ends as a medium priced segment but these can be outweighed in fashion market of shoes and clothes and because of all these variations in singular styles and spending habits, MS must plan for an idea which counteracts the risks around its strategic choices because there are various risks in terms of focus strategies in that false and changes in the target market and due to this it makes an easy entry of foreign player which is broad market cost leader that can easily adopt MS products in order to compete directly and gaining the market share hence therefore to tackle and survive in the cut throat controversy of super markets where Giants as Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury, they need to have a contingency plan and bend their strategies in terms of focussed differentiation and adopt cost leadership.In recent years MS has started corporate social responsibility as an effective tool to increase awareness among different generations to differentiate them from their competitors and this is possible with fitting drive for innovation across all its Strategic business uni ts(SBU) where they have to generate strategies at SBU level. This has been done continuously by MS now such as Sustainable fishing, organic colouring of clothes, salt reduction, animal welfare and fair-trade.The strategy process which has started in 2006 when labelling has been done as a part of an integrated communication drive to state their position on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and this was the first time since its origin that MS have involved its stakeholders on such a scale and this CSR issue has been promoted through national advertising, in-store dcor, MS website and the main communication channel among its employees.They provide a huge tell of clothing, food, home and beauty products that are established through longstanding core values quality and service, through innovation, value and trust. The trust we are talking somewhat is the bond between the company and its customers, its employees and shareholders and this trust was integrated among all to achieve su ccess for the business.The precaution team confirmed it once again that the companys promise to its core values and aggressively used CSR is an integral part of refining and improving commercial performance and customer loyalty. (Paul Myners, Chairman and Stuart Rose, Chief Executive, 2004)In conclusion distributively business unit known as (SBU) Strategy Business units of MS needs to develop a its own CSR strategy that helps that specific unit to pulse and tackle its risks and opportunities that may rise from its market position, its customer base, its product range and quality and its supply chain which is of utmost importance. For example MS has identified 16 separate core issues relates to their business which comprises of health, labor standards, packaging, fair-trade etc. and through strategic intent they are able to develop clear strategy and position on each issue.MS CultureThe elaboration of any company plays an important role and so for Marks and Spencer as culture is all about large number and the way in which they interact with each other in the organisation and that is crucial for the company while making their decisions. MS should have positive culture which may influence the decision making process that can help to achieve excellence in their business and it is possible only when both management and its employees work together and thinks the same. In simple words culture in any organisation is the way the things are done to achieve business goals and objectives.MS culture (Their way of doing things) since it originatedMS were heavily dependent on British suppliers and thus not strived for cheaper buying from overseas market.MS have a modify system of buying from the central office which is an old formula and incurs cost heavily as movement of goods increases.The store managers of MS followed central direction on store design and layout, training and development, merchandising and so on which makes the store identical where local discretio n is limited.The managers were restrained to respond to the local needs of the customers as there were severe restrictions.MSs organization structure can be categorized as reflection which is taken for granted fashion and this type of attitude is overlap among the members of the organization. The societal beliefs and basic assumptions operate among the members automatically. These basic assumptions and taken for granted fashion have taken MS roots from the basis of the organisational success.The rationale behind a particular manner in which people act and the reasons behind the action is not dependent on the blend of objective and subjective factors, but in a complex network of meanings as created and understood by the participants (Schutz, 1964). Its very important that employees act accordingly therefore at the end organisations do not react to their environment, its their members react due to changes in the environment within and outside the organization.The culture that origina tes out of MS is a customer specific or customer driven. This type of culture can be said when everyone in the business makes a deliberate but real effort whether the management or its employees to meliorate customer service. This can be achieved when good market research has been conducted, employing right people and giving them proper training and updated e-commerce technology is used. MS culture is high-powered and regards changes as opportunity and not as a threat and they are doing this because they are always looking for new ideas at any stage and this is where all employees and management are involved together to make it successful and achieve its goals and objectives.The People may act in terms of their own when facing any problem in work without regarding the observers explanation of the situation and thats why its very difficult to handle situations related to culture which is composed of management and employees (Silvermans, 1970).The key character for sustainability i n any organization is to change dynamically and evolve continuously to conquer with its environment in which it operates but this has not been done by MS and the firms failure in terms of its culture in words of Mr. Richard Greenbury,M S Chief executive from 1991, I think that the simple answer is that we followed suddenly and totally the principles of the business. I was the business with the aid of my colleagues based upon the very long-lasting and recognized ways of running it. (Johnson Scholes, 2001.Most of the researchers and analyst have found that MS had remained for the longer period with their traditional risk averseness formula then it was needed. MS can be concluded on the note that its organizational culture has led to failure in nurturing the dynamic nature of the organizations which has eventually led towards the fall of MS since the late 1990s. This effect of huge inequality between the organizations standard and their crotchety environment is due to the changes i n the Organizational culture.In present scenario MS is trying to hold the competitive nature of the business and trying its best to get back on the track and therefore they have no fear in implanting new strategies and new strategic approaches are being adopted and apply to fasten the recovery of the business.ReferencesDrucker, P. F. (1974). Management Tasks Responsibilities Practices. Heinemann, London.Tse, K. K. (1985). Marks and Spencer Anatomy of Britains most efficiently managed company. Pergamon, Oxford.Johnson Scholes 2002 Strategic Management, Exploring Corporate Strategy Text Cases 6th Edition.Schutz 1964, Phenomenology, Online, 4/12/05, on hand(predicate) from http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/schutz/

Ideology of Fundamentalist Islam Explained Essay -- Muslim Religion, S

IntroductionThis try out concerns itself with exploring the Islamic and policy-making orientation of Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966), an Egyptian civil servant turned political and religious activist, inspired by fundamentalistic Islam. To gain an understanding of what influenced and formulated Qutbs ideas it has been necessary to provide some background information relating the history of current day Egypt and the emergence of reformist and fundamentalist Islam, from the 19th century until Qutbs time. The essay also seeks to give some biographical information in dress to provide a fuller picture of Qutb the man.Qutbs involvement with Egyptian religious politics caused him to come into conflict with the Nasser government of 1950s Egypt and Qutb spent a decade in prison. It was during this period he produced many of his seminal writings on the establishment of a truly Islamic society. By drawing on early Islamic thinkers and on direct interpretation of the Quran, Qutb advocated violence in establishing an Islamic state. The thinking behind and the implications of these interpretations are discussed at length in this essay to demonstrate how they have informed the belief of many Islamic fundamentalists, especially with regard to the use of violence to achieve their aims. The latter part of the essay focuses on the legacy of Qutbs ideas and how these have been manifest in various fundamentalist groups. However, because academic literature is often a few paces behind the present it has not been possible to explore some recent developmenst of Islam inspired violence in any detail, namely the emergence of fundamentalist groups within the Muslim diaspora of the West. The rise of fundamentalist Islam, especia... ...racuse N.Y. Syracuse University PressHourani, A. (1983) Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798-1939. Cambridge Cambridge University PressJuergensmeyer, M. (2003) Terror in the Mind of God (3rd Edition). Berkeley, Ca. University of Cal ifornia PressLawrence, B.B. (1998) bust the Myth Islam Beyond Violence. Princeton N.J. Princeton University PressMoussalli, A.S. (1998) Islamic Fundamentalism Myths and Realities. Reading Garnet/Ithaca PressRabasa, A. et el (2006) The Muslim World After 9/11. Santa Monica, Calif. Rand CorporationRoy, O. (2004) Globalised Islam. London C. Hurst & CoRuthven, M. (2004) Fundamentalism The essay for Meaning. Oxford Oxford University PressTurner, B.S. & Ahmed, A. (2003) Islam critical concepts in sociology. London RoutledgeWeber, M. (1963) The Sociology of Religion . Boston Beacon Press

The Importance of Education :: Importance of Education Essay

Education plays a vital role in constitution tomorrows leaders. Not only can we become a better nation by acquiring the skills necessary to be productive members of a civilized society. emergence knowledge to actively achieve and meet challenges that can produce changes in which be productive for attaining business innovations, political and economic objectives.Our creation is constantly changing and it requires a society that is well versed in understanding the problems deriving from culture differences and tolerance of one anothers beliefs and perceptions. We are dealing with systemic problems in education, economic, government, religion and culture differences. To quote a phrase from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, Make me the master of education, and I will undertake to change the world. If we are to change the world simply because we have and continue to acquire the education necessary to increase knowledge we must never forget education along without the practice of incenti ve what is learned is not enough to produce attainable results favorable to sustain a society in the 21st century. We must become the voice of the passel by getting involved to make a difference in the world by putting into motion what we have learned. When I was growing up, I remember attending elementary school, learning a new language seems to be difficult at first, but I was able to learn the side language because of the dedication of one of my teachers. Now, as I reflect on this see, it is obvious that she was dedicated and enjoyed teaching her students to be successful. I know today that she make a difference in my life as I navigated through my education experience and high school years to present. I also experience the lack of concern of other teachers, not taking the time and dedication to teach their students to excel. In part, I strongly believe it had to with the culture differences that existed within the schools that I attended and the neighborhood I grew up. At times, I felt being part of a minority group created an environment, which I perceived teachers not to disturbance about my education needs or whether I could succeed in life. Today, we have made strides in improving our education system in our schools. Yet, we are facing similar problems and perhaps even worse when teachers are rushing their students through their curriculum without taking the time to encourage and support them to excel in their classes.